South Korea, known for its thriving liberal democracy and capitalist success, has largely built its reputation on a strong partnership with the United States. However, this vibrant democracy now finds itself in the throes of a significant crisis. President Yoon Suk Yeol’s unsuccessful attempt to invoke martial law appears to be only the start of a potentially devastating situation that threatens the stability of the South Korean government and could provoke a politically charged conflict with North Korea.
The United States must take firm action, beginning with a straightforward condemnation of any democratic backsliding in South Korea. It’s crucial to support South Korea’s constitutional mechanisms for self-correction while ensuring regional security remains strong during this tumultuous period.
Tensions have been escalating rapidly. Following a hasty reversal of Yoon’s martial law declaration on December 3, the National Assembly moved to impeach him just days later. In a dramatic twist, Yoon stated he would cede his duties to members of his People Power Party, effectively leading them to abstain from the pivotal impeachment vote which required a supermajority to succeed.
In response, Han Dong-hoon, the ruling party leader, and Prime Minister Han Duck-soo publicly announced their intent to jointly govern, a move described by some as a “second coup” and criticized by legal experts as unconstitutional.
Attempts to revive the impeachment process are in motion, with an opposition party member alleging that Yoon’s defense minister, Kim Yong-hyun, had ordered provocative strikes on North Korean sites to justify martial law. This claim, sourced from a credible military figure, was refuted by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Following these accusations, Kim resigned and was arrested on charges of abuse of power.
Reacting quickly to the martial law order, the U.S. reaffirmed its support for “the people of Korea” and their partnership grounded in democracy and law. It’s imperative that the State Department now issues a clear statement condemning Yoon’s unjust actions. International pressure, spearheaded by the U.S., is pivotal in curbing antidemocratic behavior.
Take Peru’s political turmoil in 2022, where U.S. leaders condemned unconstitutional actions and pushed for reforms—a stance that played a part in removing President Pedro Castillo and helped guide his successor towards constructive dialogue and reform. South Korea has similarly seen significant protests against Yoon’s contentious leadership, and the U.S. must urge South Korean leaders to honor the popular will and uphold their constitutional duties.
South Korea’s allies must also refrain from accommodating any political asylum efforts linked to this crisis. Accountability must extend to everyone involved in the martial law debacle, pursued through democratic and lawful processes. South Korea’s history of overcoming internal strife through its resilient society stands as a testament. From warding off invasions to driving pro-democracy movements, the nation has thrived on holding politicians accountable, bolstering its democratic foundations. Recognition from allies such as the United States remains vital for this civil society.
Additionally, the United States should heighten its military readiness in East Asia, maintaining stability amid the potential security lapse caused by South Korea’s political turmoil. Key defense bodies like the Ministry of Defense and the National Intelligence Service face significant interruptions due to current investigations and resignations, leaving openings for North Korea or others to exploit through potential military and intelligence provocations.
As a crucial defender of liberal democracy in the region and a buffer against authoritarian influences, South Korea also plays an integral role in U.S. supply chains, especially concerning semiconductors. Thus, ensuring regional stability is critical for both South Korea and U.S. interests.
This is not a typical political crisis. The actions of President Yoon have placed South Korea at a crossroads, risking its political integrity and increasing tensions with North Korea. This moment represents more than a test of resilience—it’s a battle for the preservation of democracy. The United States must assert its leadership by aiding its ally to recover from this precarious situation. This challenge is a pivotal moment for American leadership on the global stage, affirming its commitment to democratic values.
Will Daewook Kwon and Jaemin Park, fellows at the Harvard Kennedy School, bring a wealth of experience from their backgrounds in intelligence and diplomacy in South Korea.
